wgpu-matrix

Fast 3d math library for webgpu

• Docs
• Repo
• Tests

Why another 3d math library?

• Most other 3D math libraries are designed for WebGL, not WebGPU
  • WebGPU uses clip space Z 0 to 1, vs WebGL -1 to 1. So ortho, perspective, frustum are different
  • WebGPU mat3s are 12 floats (padded), WebGL they're 9.
• Many other 3D math libraries are overly verbose

  • compare

    // wgpu-matrix
    const t = mat4.translation([x, y, z]);
    const p = mat4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
    const r = mat4.rotationX(rad);
    Copy

    // gl-matrix
    const t = mat4.create();
    mat4.fromTranslation(t, [x, y, z]);
    
    const p = mat4.create();
    mat4.perspective(p, fov, aspect, near, far);
    
    const r = mat4.create();
    mat4.fromXRotation(r, rad);
    Copy

    note that if you want to pre-create matrices you can still do this in wgpu-matrix

    const t = mat4.create();
    mat4.translation([x, y, z], t);
    
    const p = mat4.create();
    mat4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far, p);
    
    const r = mat4.create();
    mat4.rotationX(rad, r);
    Copy

Usage

import {
  vec3,
  mat4,
} from 'https://wgpu-matrix.org/dist/2.x/wgpu-matrix.module.js';

const fov = 60 * Math.PI / 180
const aspect = width / height;
const near = 0.1;
const far = 1000;
const perspective = mat4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);

const eye = [3, 5, 10];
const target = [0, 4, 0];
const up = [0, 1, 0];
const view = mat4.lookAt(eye, target, up);
Copy

Note: for translation, rotation, and scaling there are 2 versions of each function. One generates a translation, rotation, or scaling matrix. The other translates, rotates, or scales a matrix.

const t = mat4.translation([1, 2, 3]);    // a translation matrix
const r = mat4.rotationX(Math.PI * 0.5);  // a rotation matrix
const s = mat4.scaling([1, 2, 3]);        // a scaling matrix
Copy

const m = mat4.identity();
const t = mat4.translate(m, [1, 2, 3]);    // m * translation([1, 2, 3])
const r = mat4.rotateX(m, Math.PI * 0.5);  // m * rotationX(Math.PI * 0.5)
const s = mat4.scale(m, [1, 2, 3]);        // m * scaling([1, 2, 3])
Copy

Functions take an optional destination to hold the result.

const m = mat4.create();            // m = new mat4
mat4.identity(m);                   // m = identity
mat4.translate(m, [1, 2, 3], m);    // m *= translation([1, 2, 3])
mat4.rotateX(m, Math.PI * 0.5, m);  // m *= rotationX(Math.PI * 0.5)
mat4.scale(m, [1, 2, 3], m);        // m *= scaling([1, 2, 3])
Copy

There is also the minified version

import {
  vec3,
  mat4,
} from 'https://wgpu-matrix.org/dist/2.x/wgpu-matrix.module.min.js';

// ... etc ...
Copy

or via npm

npm install --save wgpu-matrix
Copy

then using a build process

import {vec3, mat3} from 'wgpu-matrix';

// ... etc ...
Copy

Example

Download

• zip
• tar
• github

Notes

mat4.perspective, mat4.ortho, and mat4.frustum all return matrices with Z clip space from 0 to 1 (unlike most WebGL matrix libraries which return -1 to 1)

mat4.create makes an all zero matrix if passed no parameters. If you want an identity matrix call mat4.identity

Important!

mat3 uses the space of 12 elements

// a mat3
[
  xx, xy, xz, ?
  yx, yy, yz, ?
  zx, zy, zz, ?
]
Copy

This is because WebGPU requires mat3s to be in this format and since this library is for WebGPU it makes sense to match so you can manipulate mat3s in TypeArrays directly.

vec3 in this library uses 3 floats per but be aware that an array of vec3 in a Uniform Block or other structure in WGSL, each vec3 is padded to 4 floats! In other words, if you declare

struct Foo {
  bar: vec3<f32>[3];
};
Copy

then bar[0] is at byte offset 0, bar[1] at byte offset 16, bar[2] at byte offset 32.

See the WGSL spec on alignment and size.

Columns vs Rows

WebGPU follows the same conventions as OpenGL, Vulkan, Metal for matrices. Some people call this "column major". The issue is the columns of a traditional "math" matrix are stored as rows when declaring a matrix in code.

[
  x1, x2, x3, x4,  // <- column 0
  y1, y2, y3, y4,  // <- column 1
  z1, z2, z3, z4,  // <- column 2
  w1, w2, w3, w4,  // <- column 3
]
Copy

To put it another way, the translation vector is in elements 12, 13, 14

[
  xx, xy, xz, 0,  // <- x-axis
  yx, yy, yz, 0,  // <- y-axis
  zx, zy, zz, 0,  // <- z-axis
  tx, ty, tz, 1,  // <- translation
]
Copy

This issue has confused programmers since at least the early 90s 😌

Performance vs Convenience

Most functions take an optional destination as the last argument. If you don't supply it, a new one (vector, matrix) will be created for you.

// convenient usage

const persp = mat4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far);
const camera = mat4.lookAt(eye, target, up);
const view = mat4.inverse(camera);
Copy

// performant usage

// at init time
const persp = mat4.create();
const camera = mat4.create();
const view = mat4.create();

// at usage time
mat4.perspective(fov, aspect, near, far, persp);
mat4.lookAt(eye, target, up, camera);
mat4.inverse(camera, view);
Copy

For me, most of the stuff I do in WebGPU, the supposed performance I might lose from using the convenient style is so small as to be unmeasurable. I'd prefer to stay convenient and then, if and only if I find a performance issue, then I might bother to switch to the performant style.

As the saying goes premature optimization is the root of all evil. 😉

Migration

1.x -> 2.x

• mat4.lookAt changed from a "camera matrix" to a "view matrix" (same as gluLookAt). If you want a matrix that orients an something in world space see mat4.aim. Sorry about this change but people are used to lookAt making a a view matrix and it seemed prudent to make this change now and save more people from frustration going forward.

Development

git clone https://github.com/greggman/wgpu-matrix.git
cd wgpu-matrix
npm i
npm run build
npm test
Copy

You can run tests in the browser by starting a local server

npx servez
Copy

Now go to wherever your server serves pages. In the case of servez that's probably http://localhost:8080/test/.

By default the tests test the minified version. To test the source use src=true as in http://localhost:8080/test/?src=true.

To limit which tests are run use grep=<regex>. For example http://localhost:8080/test/?src=true&grep=mat3.*?translate runs only tests with mat3 followed by translate in the name of test.

License

MIT